NDUFB1 is a 58 amino acid single-pass membrane protein that localizes to the matrix side of the mitochondrial membrane. A member of the complex I NDUFB1 subunit family, NDUFB1 is encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 14q32.12. Chromosome 14 houses over 700 genes and comprises nearly 3.5% of the human genome. Chromosome 14 encodes the presinilin 1 (PSEN1) gene, which is one of the three key genes associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The SERPINA1 gene is also located on chromosome 14 and, when defective, leads to the genetic disorder ?-antitrypsin deficiency, which is characterized by severe lung complications and liver dysfunction.